The Kivukoni Journal of the Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy, which was established in 2011, aims at fostering discussions and exchange of ideas on multidisciplinary issues, which are relevant to the current research and development agenda to the Global and Tanzania Societies. We wish to urge and encourage our esteemed readers and the community of researchers to make use of this scholarly journal to find responses and solutions to the challenges currently facing our societies. The world’s development under globalization and liberalization depends largely on the research-based solutions that illuminate on social, economic, political, and cultural development for the betterment of the society. Thus, Kivukoni Journal offers the opportune forum for review and scholarly debates on multidisciplinary subjects that are relevant to development. The Journal caters for a wider readership among the members of the academia who are utilizing their knowledge for the best interest of the society. Kivukoni Journal is published bi-annually. The Editorial Board has recently been reviewed to include members from different institutions across the world with the aim of meeting the global publication standards. The countries that are represented here include Tanzania, United States of America, Russia, Nigeria, and Kenya. In this regard, the Editorial Board invites articles, book reviews that are relevant to socioeconomic and cultural development. As is the practice of most schol